Understanding Climate Change Urgency & Action
Climate Change
A Scientific Reality & One of The Most Urgent Global Challenges of Our Time
Climate change is no longer a distant or abstract risk. It is a measurable, well-documented phenomenon, confirmed by decades of scientific research and observations worldwide. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) the United Nations body for assessing the science related to climate change human activities are unequivocally responsible for the rapid warming of the Earth since the industrial era.
Source: IPCC AR6
Without immediate and sustained action, global temperatures are projected to rise well beyond 2°C by the end of this century a level widely recognized by scientists as extremely dangerous. This is why, through the Paris Agreement signed in 2015, nearly all countries committed to limiting global warming to well below 2°C, and ideally to 1.5°C, to reduce the most severe and irreversible impacts of climate change.

10 years after the Paris Agreement
The planet is approaching critical climate thresholds. Scientists warn that the 1.5 °C limit could be exceeded by the end of this decade, with potentially irreversible impacts such as ice sheet loss and sustained sea-level rise. Understanding the science behind climate change is the necessary first step toward taking meaningful action.
Key Climate Indicators in 2026
Approaching 430 ppm of CO₂
Atmospheric CO₂ concentrations are now exceeding 425 parts per million (ppm), levels unprecedented in at least 2 million years. This accumulation is the primary driver of long-term warming and climate instability.
Source: NOAA / IPCC
The Warmest Decade on Record
According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the last decade (2015–2025) has been the warmest on record. Global average temperatures are now dangerously close to the 1.5°C limit set by the Paris Agreement.
Source : WMO / Copernicus
1.2 Trillion Tons of Ice Lost Each Year
Accelerated ice melt contributes directly to rising sea levels and long-term climate instability. The Earth is losing approximately 1.2 trillion tons of ice annually across mountain glaciers, Greenland, and Antarctica.
Source : The Cryosphere / IPCC


What is the difference between Climate Change and Global Warming?
Global Warming: refers specifically to the rise in global temperatures due mainly to the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Climate Change: encompasses global warming as well as its broader consequences, including changes in precipitation patterns, extreme weather events, ocean acidification, and ecosystem disruption.
In other words: Global warming is the driver; climate change is the result.
The Greenhouse Effect : A Natural Process Intensified by Humans
The greenhouse effect is a natural and essential phenomenon that makes life on Earth possible. However, human activities have significantly increased the concentration of these gases, intensifying the effect and trapping too much heat, leading to global warming and widespread climate disruption.
This process works by trapping part of the infrared radiation (heat) reflected by the Earth's surface, preventing it from escaping into space. This mechanism, known as the greenhouse effect, is a natural and essential process that maintains Earth at a habitable temperature. Without it, our planet would be significantly colder. However, rising concentrations of these gases are driving additional global warming, with potentially severe consequences for global ecosystems and living conditions.
Sunlight passes through the atmosphere, bringing essential light and warmth to life on Earth.
The Earth absorbs part of the radiation and reflects another part back into the atmosphere. This process is a key element of the Earth's climate system, helping to regulate the planet's surface temperature. (infrared radiation).
Greenhouse gases (CO₂, Methane, etc.) trap some of this outgoing heat, preventing it from escaping and warming the planet. (Source: IPCC)
Source: IPCC
Understanding the Climate Domino Effect
Many people believe that climate change primarily leads to higher temperatures, however, this increase is only the beginning. Earth is a complex system where everything is interconnected.
Climate change triggers feedback loops that amplify its impact. For instance, as permafrost thaws, it releases trapped methane (a potent greenhouse gas) which drives further warming and even more thawing. This creates a self-reinforcing cycle, making the crisis increasingly difficult to control.
Key Consequences :
Extreme Weather Events
Global warming intensifies weather patterns, leading to more frequent and severe hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves.
Source : IPCC
Ocean Acidification
Increased carbon dioxide absorption by the oceans leads to acidification, which devastates marine life, especially coral reefs and shellfish.
Source : NOAA
Rising Sea Levels
As global temperatures rise, polar ice melts and seawater expands, threatening low-lying communities with flooding and erosion.
Source : NASA
Biodiversity Loss
As habitats change too quickly for adaptation, many species face extinction, destabilizing the ecosystems we rely on.
Source : IPBES
The Human Impact
The consequences of climate change have a significant and interconnected impact on human life. For instance, droughts and floods decrease the availability of food and drinkable water, while the rising temperatures make living conditions extremely difficult, especially for vulnerable individuals. These pressures can trigger mass migration, leading to potential social tensions and conflict. These are just a few ways global warming is reshaping human life.
Paris Agreement
The Paris Agreement a Global Framework For Action
Adopted in December 2015 and signed by nearly all countries worldwide, the Paris Agreement is a significant international treaty to combat climate change. It aims to limit global warming to below 2°C, with an ideal goal of 1.5°C, by encouraging countries to set and update emission reduction targets.
It highlights transparency, accountability, and global cooperation in addressing climate change impacts, serving as a crucial framework for sustainable, low-carbon solutions for a resilient and sustainable future.

Ten Years After Paris: Back to Reality
A decade later, the gap between commitments and reality remains significant. To keep the 1.5°C goal alive, science dictates that global emissions must be reduced by 43% by 2030 (relative to 2019 levels).
Source : IPCC AR6
However, current policies put the world on a trajectory for approximately 2.5°C to 2.9°C of warming by 2100. For businesses, this context is no longer abstract. Climate change is reshaping supply chains, increasing operational risks, and transforming regulatory frameworks (like the CSRD). Aligning corporate strategies with the Paris Agreement is now a strategic necessity.

The Science of Net Zero: A Non-Negotiable Pathway
Net Zero: A Scientific Necessity
To avoid the most severe impacts of climate change, science converges on a single objective: reaching global Net Zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.
From a scientific point of view, global Net Zero is achieved when the amount of greenhouse gases emitted is balanced by the amount removed from the atmosphere. According to the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi), this requires two simultaneous actions.
Drastic Emission Reductions: Cutting value-chain emissions by 90% or more.
Carbon Removal: Neutralizing the remaining <10% of "residual" emissions through permanent carbon removal projects.
*Carbon removal is not a substitute for reduction, but a complementary tool once emissions have been reduced as far as possible. For more information, you can check our Net Zero Initiative page.
SBTi: The Global Standard for Credible Net-Zero Strategies
Net zero is therefore not a distant ambition or a branding exercise. It is a decade-defining pathway that will shape risk exposure, regulatory compliance, and long-term value creation. Companies that align early with climate science and embed net zero into their core strategy will be better positioned to navigate the transition and contribute meaningfully to a stable and livable future.
Credibility increasingly depends on alignment with recognized scientific frameworks. The Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) provides the most robust reference for corporate net-zero strategies, requiring companies to cover the majority of their emissions (including value-chain emissions), set near-term targets for 2030, and commit to deep decarbonization by mid-century.
12,777
of companies with targets or commitments in February 2026
10,120
Companies with validated targets in February 2026
2,406
Companies with net-zero targets in February 2026
This growing coalition shows that businesses worldwide are beginning to translate ambition into measurable, science-aligned action.
Source: Science Based Targets initiativeWhat Companies Can Do to Tackle Climate Change
Achieving Net Zero requires companies to act both within and beyond their value chains
Measure
It all begins with a comprehensive GHG assessment (Scopes 1, 2, and 3), in compliance with national and international standards, to identify carbon "Hotspots."
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Reduce
Leveraging a complete GHG assessment allows companies to implement targeted reduction strategies and deploy a concrete action plan.
By submitting their action plans for official validation by the SBTi, companies transform their goals into a certified, globally recognized commitment. This guarantees the credibility of their roadmap and ensures full resilience against evolving regulatory standards.
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Contribute
Companies can support global mitigation efforts by investing in high-quality carbon removal and avoidance projects (carbon sinks) that tackle climate change. This allows them to finance the transition beyond their value chain.
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Report & Align
To ensure credibility, companies must adopt robust reporting practices aligned with frameworks such as CDP or the EU CSRD. Transparent disclosure of emissions and progress is essential to avoid greenwashing and build stakeholder trust.
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Turn your Net Zero ambitions into measurable impact & build a resilient, climate-aligned strategy.
